Manipulation of frontal EEG asymmetry through biofeedback alters self-reported emotional responses and facial EMG
JOHN J.B. ALLEN, EDDIE HARMON-JONES, and JAMES H. CAVENDER
Abstract
Individual differences in resting asymmetrical frontal brain activity have been found to predict subsequent emotional
responses. The question of whether frontal brain asymmetry can cause emotional responses has yet to be addressed.
Biofeedback training designed to alter the asymmetry of frontal brain activity was therefore examined. Eighteen
right-handed female participants were randomly assigned to receive biofeedback training designed to increase right
frontal alpha relative to left frontal alpha (n=9) or to receive training in the opposite direction (n=9).Five consecutive
days of biofeedback training provided signals of reward or nonreward depending on whether the difference between
right (F4) and left (F3) frontal Alpha exceeded a criterion value in the specified direction. Systematic alterations of
frontal EEG asymmetry were observed as a function of biofeedback training. Moreover, subsequent self-reported affect
and facial muscle activity in response to emotionally evocative film clips were influenced by the direction of
biofeedback training
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